![]() Political power might be the key to the change in burial practices, says archaeologist Heinrich Härke, an early medieval burial specialist and a professor at HSE University in Moscow who was not involved in the research. Another, smaller ship was also found at the site. The funeral itself would have been an enormous occasion, and the was so enormous, it could probably be seen from the river below when people sailed by.”Īrchaeologists think Sutton Hoo was also a burying ground for the royal’s relatives, who were laid to rest in about 17 other mounds near the presumed king. “We can imagine it involved huge groups of people. “The very act of dragging a ship up from the river downhill, digging a hole big enough to contain the ship, and building the burial chamber is almost like a piece of theatre,” says Brunning. So, too, does the existence of the grave itself. Dates on coins buried at the site coincide with his reign, and the quality and value of the grave goods suggest a person of extreme influence. The warrior interred with the ship is thought to have been an Anglo-Saxon king, perhaps Rædwald of East Anglia, who ruled a kingdom that included Suffolk between about 599 and 624. They went on to unite as the Kingdom of England in 927 and form the basis of the modern British monarchy. The most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms survived the Viking invasion that began in the ninth century. Once under Roman rule, England became independent around 410 and faced wave after wave of conquerors, including the Germanic Angles and Saxons.īetween 400 and 600, these pagan powers coalesced into kingdoms that converted to Christianity in the seventh century. The evolving burial practices coincided with a time of profound change in England. The birth of England-and the death of furnished burial Nonetheless, her data shows that England finished its turn toward simpler burials by the 720s, while the rest of northwestern Europe took another half-century to follow suit. ![]() Since her data skews toward England, Brownlee cautions that English people didn’t necessarily lead the way. “After the seventh century, nobody is being buried with things in their graves,” says Brownlee. By the time the Anglo-Saxon warrior was interred around 625, furnished burials were well on their way to abandonment. Her map shows England abandoning grave goods as early as the mid-sixth century. She also gathered other important information, such as how long the cemeteries were in use, and what the most reliable dating techniques suggested about their age. ![]() Using descriptions and drawings of tens of thousands of graves excavated over the past 60 years, Brownlee painstakingly calculated the average number of objects per grave, down to the last bead. Her analysis, recently published in the journal Antiquity, covered 237 cemeteries in northwestern Europe, the majority of them in England. In an attempt to understand how and why the practice died out, archaeologist Emma Brownlee, a research fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Girton College who specialises in early medieval burial practices, dug into archaeological records that document more than 33,000 early medieval graves. Between the sixth and eighth centuries A.D., graves in England became simpler and sparser. “That sort of thing was previously thought to be largely fantasy,” Brunning says.īut the practice of furnishing graves had already started to die out by the time Sutton Hoo’s unnamed Anglo-Saxon elite breathed his last. The grave goods were exquisitely crafted out of materials from around the world and suggested that the early medieval society portrayed in epic poems like Beowulf might be more reality than myth. When the Sutton Hoo artifacts were discovered, they instantly changed historians’ image of the era once called the Dark Ages. The opulent finds, made of materials ranging from iron to gold, bone, garnet, and feathers, included a human-faced helmet, delicately tooled shoulder clasps, household goods, and weapons-many with links to far-flung places like Syria and Sri Lanka. Over a series of excavations, Brown slowly unearthed 263 precious objects buried in the 80-foot-long Anglo-Saxon ship. The Sutton Hoo cache was unearthed by Basil Brown, an untrained excavator hired by landowner Edith Pretty, who was curious about what lay beneath the barrows on her Suffolk property near the River Deben.
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